{"id":2369,"date":"2025-10-02T23:28:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T23:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/?page_id=2369"},"modified":"2025-10-02T23:28:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T23:28:35","slug":"iv-f-wodorotlenki-bez-v-i-u","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/about\/mineraly\/iv-tlenki-i-wodorotlenki\/iv-f-wodorotlenki-bez-v-i-u\/","title":{"rendered":"IV\/F \u2013 Wodorotlenki (bez V i U)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Grupa IV\/F Strunza (2025) \u2013 Wodorotlenki (bez V i U)<\/strong> obejmuje minera\u0142y, w kt\u00f3rych anionow\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 struktury stanowi\u0105 grupy OH\u207b (cz\u0119sto z udzia\u0142em O\u00b2\u207b), bez uranu i wanadu jako sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w kluczowych. Do dzia\u0142u w\u0142\u0105czone s\u0105 zar\u00f3wno \u201eczyste\u201d wodorotlenki (np. M(OH)\u2082, M(OH)\u2083), jak i liczne oksy-wodorotlenki typu MO(OH) oraz niekt\u00f3re tlenki uwodnione. Podzia\u0142 4.F jest przede wszystkim <strong>strukturalny<\/strong> i wyr\u00f3\u017cnia m.in. szeregi: \u201e<strong>z OH, bez H\u2082O<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4.FA \u2013 tetraedry naro\u017cnie po\u0142\u0105czone;<\/li>\n<li>4.FB \u2013 izolowane oktaedry;<\/li>\n<li>4.FC \u2013 oktaedry po\u0142\u0105czone naro\u017cami;<\/li>\n<li>4.FD \u2013 \u0142a\u0144cuchy oktaedr\u00f3w stycznych kraw\u0119dziami;<\/li>\n<li>4.FE \u2013 <strong>warstwy<\/strong> oktaedr\u00f3w stycznych kraw\u0119dziami;<\/li>\n<li>4.FF \u2013 uk\u0142ady r\u00f3\u017cne)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>oraz \u201e<strong>z H\u2082O \u00b1 (OH)<\/strong>\u201d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4.FG\u20134.FL: izolowane oktaedry, uk\u0142ady naro\u017cne, \u0142a\u0144cuchowe, warstwowe i szkielety oktaedr\u00f3w).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Taki zakres i nazewnictwo figuruj\u0105 w aktualnym zestawieniu Strunz-Mindat\/Webmineral dla podklasy 4.F \u201eHydroxides (without V or U)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Przyk\u0142ady i znaczenie.<\/strong> Do kanonicznych warstwowych wodorotlenk\u00f3w 4.FE nale\u017c\u0105: <strong>brucyt<\/strong> Mg(OH)\u2082, <strong>theofrastyt<\/strong> Ni(OH)\u2082, <strong>portlandyt<\/strong> Ca(OH)\u2082, <strong>pirochroit<\/strong> Mn(OH)\u2082, a tak\u017ce cz\u0119ste oksy-wodorotlenki: <strong>b\u00f6hmite<\/strong> AlO(OH), <strong>lepidokrokit<\/strong> FeO(OH), <strong>heterogenit<\/strong> CoO(OH). W podgrupie 4.FC (uk\u0142ady naro\u017cne) wyst\u0119puj\u0105 m.in. <strong>bernallit<\/strong> Fe(OH)\u2083 i kompleksy typu <strong>[Sn(OH)\u2086]<\/strong> (np. <strong>schoenfliesyt<\/strong> Mg[Sn(OH)\u2086], <strong>wickmanit<\/strong> Mn\u00b2\u207a[Sn(OH)\u2086]). W\u015br\u00f3d odmian z H\u2082O (4.FL) pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 warstwowe hydroksy-tlenki z wod\u0105 krystalizacyjn\u0105. Te minera\u0142y dominuj\u0105 w <strong>strefach wietrzenia<\/strong> i \u015brodowiskach <strong>hydrotermalnych<\/strong>, buduj\u0105 lateryty i boksyt, a niekt\u00f3re (np. brucyt, gibb s yt) s\u0105 wa\u017cne przemys\u0142owo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grupa IV\/F Strunza (2025) \u2013 Wodorotlenki (bez V i U) obejmuje minera\u0142y, w kt\u00f3rych anionow\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 struktury stanowi\u0105 grupy OH\u207b&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2248,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2369","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2370,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2369\/revisions\/2370"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}