{"id":2358,"date":"2025-10-02T23:04:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T23:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/?page_id=2358"},"modified":"2025-10-02T23:04:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T23:04:20","slug":"iv-b-tlenki-o-stosunku-metalu-do-tlenu-34","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/about\/mineraly\/iv-tlenki-i-wodorotlenki\/iv-b-tlenki-o-stosunku-metalu-do-tlenu-34\/","title":{"rendered":"IV\/B \u2013 Tlenki o stosunku metalu do tlenu 3:4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"659\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">Grupa IV\/B Strunza (2025) \u2013 Tlenki o stosunku metalu do tlenu 3:4 i pokrewne (spinele i formy pokrewne)<\/strong> obejmuje oksydy typu <strong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"143\">M\u2083O\u2084\/AB\u2082O\u2084<\/strong>, w kt\u00f3rych kationy zajmuj\u0105 charakterystyczne pozycje tetra- i oktaedryczne (spinel, spinel odwr\u00f3cony). Do grupy nale\u017c\u0105 klasyczne spinele (np. MgAl\u2082O\u2084, Fe\u2083O\u2084, Fe\u00b2\u207aFe\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084), odmiany z deficytem kation\u00f3w (maghemit) oraz tlenki zbli\u017cone stechiometri\u0105 (np. Mn\u2083O\u2084). Minera\u0142y te s\u0105 zwykle nieprzezroczyste, maj\u0105 metaliczny do p\u00f3\u0142metalicznego po\u0142ysk, wysok\u0105 g\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 i cz\u0119sto silne w\u0142asno\u015bci magnetyczne (magnetyt \u2013 spinel odwr\u00f3cony; hausmannit \u2013 tetragonalnie zniekszta\u0142cony spinel).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"677\">Podzia\u0142 4.B:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"718\">4.BA \u2013 z ma\u0142ymi i \u015brednimi kationami<\/strong> (np. <strong data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"739\" data-is-only-node=\"\">chryzoberyl<\/strong> BeAl\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"764\">mariinskite<\/strong> BeCr\u2082O\u2084);<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"807\">4.BB \u2013 tylko \u015brednie kationy<\/strong> (klasyczne spinele i pokrewne: <strong data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"849\">spinel<\/strong> MgAl\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"859\" data-end=\"870\">chromit<\/strong> Fe\u00b2\u207aCr\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"894\">gahnit<\/strong> ZnAl\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"916\">hercynit<\/strong> Fe\u00b2\u207aAl\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"940\">magnetyt<\/strong> Fe\u00b2\u207aFe\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"954\" data-end=\"968\">franklinit<\/strong> Zn\u00b2\u207aFe\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084; tak\u017ce <strong data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1002\">hausmannit<\/strong> Mn\u00b2\u207aMn\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084 i <strong data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1029\">maghemit<\/strong> (Fe\u00b3\u207a\u2080.\u2086\u2087\u25a1\u2080.\u2083\u2083)Fe\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084);<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1096\">4.BC \u2013 ze \u015brednimi i du\u017cymi kationami<\/strong> (np. <strong data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1113\">marokit<\/strong> CaMn\u00b3\u207a\u2082O\u2084, <strong data-start=\"1125\" data-end=\"1143\">dmitryivanovit<\/strong> CaAl\u2082O\u2084);<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1183\">4.BD \u2013 tylko du\u017ce kationy<\/strong> (np. <strong data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1199\">minium<\/strong> Pb\u2083O\u2084).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grupa IV\/B Strunza (2025) \u2013 Tlenki o stosunku metalu do tlenu 3:4 i pokrewne (spinele i formy pokrewne) obejmuje oksydy&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2248,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2358","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2358"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2358\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2359,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2358\/revisions\/2359"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dfoto.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}